Astigmatism is a common problem that affects the eyes. Instead of being a round shape, as most eyes are, it is actually more of an oval shape.  Most cases of astigmatism usually involve both the steep and shallow curves of the cornea.  Therefore, the defect in astigmatism is that the focus of light is on more than one point.

Nearsightedness (myopia) is quite common among people who have astigmatism. This occurs when the light in the eye does not get focus properly on the retina. The oval shape in persons with astigmatism does not allow the light travel in a straight line to the back of the retina. Therefore, persons with nearsightedness have good vision when things are close to them but have difficulties focusing on objects which are far away. 

 Farsightedness (hyperopia) also occurs in persons with astigmatism. This occurs when the light is not refracted directly on to the retina but actually goes behind it. The farsighted  person has good vision on objects which are further away and has difficulty with focusing on objects which are closer to the eye.

There are several ways that the doctor can diagnose astigmatism. The optometrist can use corneal topography and refraction to test for astigmatism.  Glasses or lenses usually can correct astigmatism but there are also surgical solutions that can give a more permanent solution. Laser eye therapy can correct astigmatism, as well as a surgical procedure which is done by making a small incision to the front of the eye.  Your eye physician is the best person to advise you about the various options to improve your vision.