Chronic Renal Failure (CRF), resulting from the progressive renal function damage of various primary or secondary kidney diseases, is the clinical syndrome, presenting a series of symptoms and metabolic disorders.

　　The main pathological manifestations of CRF include: glomerulosclerosis, fibrosis, glomerular contraction, interstitial fibro-plastic proliferation and inflammatory cell in filtration.

　　Every kind of acute and Chronic Kidney Disease progress into chronic renal failure gradually, and the traditional treatment methods include dialysis and kidney transplant. Dialysis has serious complications, and is only replacing the filtering function of the kidneys, and cannot provide an adequate substitute for other important renal functions, such as secretion, metabolism, and maintain internal environment balance, etc.  May dialysis patients have a low quality of life because of the limitations and complications associated with dialysis.

       Treating Renal Failure with Stem Cell

　　Kidney transplantation represents the complete restoration of all normal kidney functions. Kidney donors are in short supply, and immunosuppressive agents have serious side effects, and the operation has complications, etc., the availability of kidney transplantation is severely limited.

　　In recent years, treating Chronic Renal Failure with stem cell transplant has become more popular. A series of animal experiments demonstrated that treating Chronic Renal Failure with stem cells is a treatment method with great potential. Stem cells are a type of undifferentiated cells, possessing with self-renewal, multi-differentiation, and highly proliferated function. Stem cells from bone marrow have the potential of multi-differentiation. It can not only differentiate into histiocyte of the local germ layer, but also differentiate into histiocyte of other germ layer. Cord blood stem cells have a stronger proliferation and differentiation capacity than stem cells from bone marrow.

　　Recently, research has  shown that, bone marrow stem cells have the capacity of differentiation into renal parenchymal cells, and can differentiate into various renal cells, such as mesangial cells J, epithelial cells, sertoli cells and endothelial cells, etc. which can selectively repair part of glomerular tubules in the outer medulla, recover renal tubule structure and function.  It has been demonstrated that bone marrow stem cells have the characteristics of differentiation into renal tissue and vessels, and can help repair and regenerate damaged kidney, so as to solve glomerular damage, glomerular tubule damage, and Chronic Renal Failure.

　　For  renal failure patients,  traditional dialysis is only palliative care. After the stem cell transplant treatment,  renal radiography has shown that renal blood vessels increase blood flow as compared to before treatment, and that there is an increase in the number of new blood vessels visible. Abdominal ultrasound shows a return to the normal kidney size and shape.  Laboratory analysis shows that creatinine and urea nitrogen decrease  as compared to pretreatment, and patients clinical symptoms are also improve to a certain degree.

 There does not appear to be any serious side effects associated with stem cell transplant therapy for chronic renal failure.  Stem cell transplant therapy may become one of the new and most effective ways to treat Chronic Renal Failure because of the limitations of dialysis and kidney transplantation.