The key to prevention or delay of severe renal failure  is early detection and aggressive intervention -- while there's still time to try to slow down the disease. Medical care with early intervention can slow the development and progression of chronic kidney disease.

Diabetes and hypertension are the two most common causes of kidney failure -- and both are conditions you can help control. By aggressively managing diabetes and hypertension with diet, exercise, and medications, you may be able to prevent kidney failure and help keep as much kidney function as possible.

Understanding Kidney Disease

Blood and urine tests can help uncover signs of early kidney disease and monitor kidney disease. Common tests include: Blood pressure monitoring. Detection and early treatment of high blood pressure is key to slowing or preventing kidney damage. Your doctor will advise a plan, which may include diet changes and medications, to keep your blood pressure as close to normal as possible. Normal blood pressure is generally considered to be less than 120/80. Protein in the urine. 

Know Your Risks 

Since diabetes and high blood pressure put you at risk of kidney disease, know where you stand with these risks. Do you have diabetes or hypertension? Is your diabetes or hypertension under control? If you can, find out about your family's medical history, as well, so you'll know if diabetes, hypertension, and kidney disease run in your family.

Get Tested Regularly 

At your next doctor's visit, and at least within the next year if you haven't had these tests done:

Ask for a urine test to see if you have excess protein, glucose, or blood in the urine. 

Ask for a blood pressure reading, to see if your blood pressure is high. 

Ask for a fasting blood glucose test, to see if you have too much glucose (sugar) in your blood. 

Control Diabetes 

If you have diabetes, work with your doctor to keep your blood sugar levels under the best possible control. A program of diet, regular exercise, glucose monitoring, and medications to control blood sugars and protect kidney function can help.

Control Hypertension 

If you have hypertension, work with your doctor to get your blood pressure as close as possible within normal ranges. Again, a program of diet, regular exercise, and medications can help.

Consider Seeing a Nephrologist 

If you've already lost some kidney function, or your doctor tells you that you're likely to have more kidney damage in the future, ask about a referral to a nephrologist (a kidney disease specialist). A nephrologist can provide specialized testing, evaluate your condition, and talk with you about possible ways to slow down the progress of kidney disease.