Prevention of Melanoma:

To reduce your risk of melanoma, avoid sun exposure. Severe sunburn is a major risk factor. Childhood sun exposure may present the greatest risk. To be safe in the sun, take the following steps:

• Apply generous amounts of sunscreen with a sun protection factor (SPF) of at least 15.

• Wear protective sunglasses, clothing (long sleeves and long pants) and broad-brimmed hats.

• Avoid the peak hours of sun intensity (10 a.m. to 4 p.m.).

• Ask your doctor if your medications increase your sensitivity to the sun, because many medications make your skin more vulnerable to sun damage.

• Avoid tanning salons. If you want to appear tan, use commercial sunless tanning creams. Many varieties are available in department and drug stores.

Melanoma of the skin is easier than other cancers to find early since it can be seen on your skin. If you are at risk of developing melanoma, ask your doctor to examine your skin. Also ask your doctor how often you should have your skin checked. Your doctor will be especially concerned about watching for skin changes if you have many dyplastic nevi (atypical moles). Because some melanomas can arise from pre-existing moles, your doctor may excise atypical moles, since they may have a higher chance of changing to cancer. In the alternative, your doctor may take photographs to record the appearance of your moles. The doctor then can compare the photos to any future changes in the appearance of the moles.

Examine your own skin regularly, especially if you have risk factors for melanoma. Use a full-length mirror and a hand-held mirror. Have someone examine your scalp using a blow dryer to part your hair. Someone else also can examine your back and other areas that are hard to examine yourself. Watch for new moles and changes in existing moles. Keep an eye on moles that you've had since birth, because these moles may be more likely to turn into melanoma.