Passion flower (Passiflora incarnata L.)
Background
The dried aerial parts of Passiflora incarnata have historically been used as a sedative and hypnotic (for insomnia), and for "nervous" gastrointestinal complaints. However, clinical evidence supporting any therapeutic use in humans is lacking. Pre-clinical studies provide preliminary support for a benzodiazepine-like calming action.
Evidence for significant adverse effects is also unclear, and is complicated by the variety of poorly classified, potentially active constituents in different Passiflora species.
Passion fruit ( P. edulis Sims ), a related species, is used as a food flavoring.
Synonyms
Apricot vine, banana passion fruit ( P. mollissima ), Calmanervin (combination product), Compoz (combination product), corona de cristo, EUP, Euphytose (combination product), Fleischfarbige, fleur de la passion, flor de passion, granadilla, grenadille, Jamaican honeysuckle ( P. laurifolia ), madre selva, maypops, Naturest, passiflora, passionflower, passion vine, Passionsblume, purple passion flower, Sedacalm, water lemon, wild passion flower.
Evidence
These uses have been tested in humans or animals. Safety and effectiveness have not always been proven. Some of these conditions are potentially serious, and should be evaluated by a qualified healthcare provider.
| Uses based on scientific evidence | Grade* |
Congestive heart failure An extract containing passionflower and hawthorn has been studied in people with congestive heart failure for the treatment of shortness of breath and difficulty exercising. People using this combination of herbs have experienced improvements in these symptoms. However, any positive effects may have resulted from hawthorn, which is more commonly used for congestive heart failure. High quality human research of passion flower alone and compared to prescription drugs used for this condition is needed before a recommendation can be made. | C |
Sedation (agitation, anxiety, insomnia) Passion flower has a long history of use for symptoms of restlessness, anxiety, or agitation. There is preliminary evidence in support of these uses from animal research and from poor-quality human studies. Better research is needed beforea firm conclusion can be drawn. | C |
*Key to grades
A: Strong scientific evidence for this use;
B: Good scientific evidence for this use;
C: Unclear scientific evidence for this use;
D: Fair scientific evidence against this use;
F: Strong scientific evidence against this use.
Grading rationale
Uses based on tradition or theory
The below uses are based on tradition or scientific theories. They often have not been thoroughly tested in humans, and safety and effectiveness have not always been proven. Some of these conditions are potentially serious, and should be evaluated by a qualified healthcare provider.
Alcohol withdrawal, antibacterial, anti-seizure, anti-spasm, aphrodisiac, asthma, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), burns (skin), cancer, chronic pain, cough, drug addiction, Epstein-Barr virus, gastrointestinal discomfort (nervous stomach), hemorrhoids, high blood pressure, insomnia, menopausal symptoms (hot flashes), nerve pain, pain (general), tension, wrinkle prevention.
Dosing
The below doses are based on scientific research, publications, traditional use, or expert opinion. Many herbs and supplements have not been thoroughly tested, and safety and effectiveness may not be proven. Brands may be made differently, with variable ingredients, even within the same brand. The below doses may not apply to all products. You should read product labels, and discuss doses with a qualified healthcare provider before starting therapy.
Adults (18 years and older)
General: Safety and effectiveness have not been established for any dose. There are no standard or well-studied doses of passion flower. Different preparations and doses have been used traditionally.
Dried herb: 0.5 to 2 grams taken three to four times daily by mouth has been used.
Tincture (1:8): 1 to 4 milliliters taken three to four times daily by mouth has been used.
Tea: Tea made from four to eight grams of dried herb, taken daily has been used.
Infusion: 2.5 grams has been used three to four times daily.
Children (younger than 18 years)
There is not enough scientific data to recommend passion flower for use in children at any dose.
Safety
The U.S. Food and Drug Administration does not strictly regulate herbs and supplements. There is no guarantee of strength, purity or safety of products, and effects may vary. You should always read product labels. If you have a medical condition, or are taking other drugs, herbs, or supplements, you should speak with a qualified healthcare provider before starting a new therapy. Consult a healthcare provider immediately if you experience side effects.
Allergies
Hypersensitivity reaction with hives and skin blood vessel inflammation (vasculitis), as well as occupational asthma with runny nose, have been reported with the use of passion flower products.
