How can poliomyelitis be prevented?

The following prevention measures will help prevent the spread of the poliovirus:

• proper hygiene and hand washing techniques
• immunization against poliovirus

In the US, the polio vaccine is recommended to be given at the following ages:

• 2 months
• 4 months
• between 6 and 18 months
• between 4 and 6 years

Two versions of the vaccine may be administered:

• IPV

Inactivated polio vaccine (IPV) is administered by injection (a shot). This vaccine is administered at all four immunization visits. Administration of the IPV cannot cause polio and is safe to use for individuals with weakened immune systems.

• OPV

Oral polio vaccine (OPV) is administered by mouth. In rare cases, OPV has been known to cause vaccine-associated paralytic poliomyelitis (VAPP). As of January 2000, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP), and American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) recommed that the OPV not be given routinely and that only IPV be given. There are situations when it may be necessary for your child to receive OPV, such as travel to countries where infectious, or "wild," poliovirus may be communicable.

OPV should NOT be given to your child if they have any of the following:

• a weakened immune systems
• are taking long-term steroids
• cancer
•  AIDS or HIV infection
• allergies to neomycin, streptomycin, or polymyxin B

Always consult your child's physician regarding vaccines.