Renal disorders in children - Symptoms 

　　Children who develop kidney problems may develop some of the following symptoms:

　　1. Abnormal lines and shapes on the skin

　　Some children will develop stretch marks or purple striae on the skin of thigh, inside of the upper arms, and chest, similar to pregnant woman.

　　2. Edema

　　In the early stage of renal disorder in children, various degrees of edema will appear on lower limbs, face, and trunk. Especially, it is more obvious on the part of loosened tissues. For the severe edema patient, the skin is thin and bright, a slight injury on the skin will cause blistering.

　　3. Abnormal urine liquid

　　Some children will have abnormalities in urination including nocturia, frequent micturition, dark urine color, decrease of urine volume, and foam in urine increase.  Children may be less aware of changes in their urination patterns, so parents should notice any changes in their children's urine.

　　4. Urine protein

　　Protein excretion is mainly caused by renal cell damage. The renal cells dies resulted from ischemia and anoxia, then, the glomerular filtration membrane permeability is enhanced and the protein leaks out. 

　　5. Decreased immunity

　　Some children with chronic kidney disease may develop an impaired system.  Some manifestations of impaired immunity include a pale face, protein malnutrition, hair withered and yellow, keratosis follicularis, dry skin, white band appeared on nail (toe), anemia, and an inability to fight infections.

　　6. High blood pressure

　　May develop intermittent or constantly high blood pressure and blood in the urine.

　　7. Hypoalbuminema

　　Serum complement becomes low and has azotemia (renal function impairment) in varying degrees

　　9. Hyperlipidemia (elevated cholesterol levels)

　　Plasma (blood) cholesterol, triglyceride, low density lipoprotein(LDL) levels may increase