Treatment

Once your allergic rhinitis triggers are determined, your physician or nurse will work with you to develop a plan to avoid the allergens that trigger your symptoms. For example, if you are allergic to dust mites or indoor mold, you will want to take steps to reduce these allergens in your house as much as possible. The Tips brochures on Indoor Allergens and Outdoor Allergens provide helpful advice in this area.

Your physician might prescribe medication to decrease your allergic rhinitis symptoms.

Antihistamine pills and nasal antihistamine sprays block histamine, one of the most important mediators of the allergic response. The release of histamine during allergic reactions leads to many rhinitis symptoms, including itching, sneezing and runny nose. Antihistamines are not as effective for nasal congestion.

Leukotriene receptor antagonists come in pills and block the action of leukotrienes, also important mediators of allergy symptoms and of inflammation. They can work against all the symptoms of allergic rhinitis.

Nasal corticosteroid sprays reduce and control the impact of many of the mediators that can cause inflammation in the nose. These medications improve all symptoms of allergic rhinitis, including itching, sneezing, runny nose, and congestion. Nasal corticosteroids are the strongest medications available for the treatment of allergic rhinitis.

Decongestant pills or sprays can contribute in the care of patients with allergic rhinitis whose nasal congestion cannot be relieved with other medications. Decongestant sprays should not be used for long periods of time.

A nasal spray called ipratropium can be used to reduce runny nose.

Allergen immunotherapy , also known as “allergy shots,” may be considered if your symptoms persist. This treatment involves receiving injections periodically—as determined by your allergist/immunologist—over a period of three to five years. The shot solutions contain the substances that you are allergic to. This treatment helps your immune system tolerate these substances and lessens the need for medications.

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EditText of this page (last edited February 11, 2008)