In recent years, treating Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) with stem cell transplant has gained interest.  Animal experiments have shown that treating CKD with stem cell is a treatment method with great potential. Stem cells are undifferentiated cells, possessing with self-renewal, multi-differentiation, and highly proliferated function. Stem cells from bone marrow have the potential of multi-differentiation. It can not only differentiate into histiocyte of the local germ layer, but also differentiate into histiocyte of other germ layer. Cord blood stem cell has stronger proliferated and differentiated capacity than stem cell from bone marrow.

        Kidney transplant involves the replacement of the renal function completely. As kidney donors are short, immunosuppressive agent has big side-effect, and operation has complications, etc. the development of kidney transplant is under restriction. 

　　Resent years, the researches showed that, bone marrow stem cell has capacity of differentiation into renal parenchymal cell, and can differentiate into various renal cells, such as mesangial cell J, epithelial cell, sertoli cell and endothelial cell, etc. which can selectively repair part of glomerular tubules in the outer medulla, recover renal tubule structure and function. So, it proved that bone marrow stem cell has characteristics of differentiation to renal tissue and vessels, and can help repair and regenerate damaged kidney, so as to solve glomerular damage, glomerular tubule damage, and Chronic Renal Failure.