The most common symptom of VIN is persistent itching that does not improve. However, most patients do not have symptoms. Areas of VIN are usually thicker and lighter in color than the surrounding skin. However, some cases of VIN can appear red, pink, or darker than the surrounding skin.

Because these symptoms can be caused by other conditions that are not pre-cancerous, some women fail to recognize the seriousness of their condition and attempt to treat the problem themselves with over-the-counter remedies. Sometimes even doctors may not recognize the condition at first.

Signs and Symptoms of Invasive Squamous Cell Cancer of the Vulva

The signs and symptoms of early invasive vulvar cancer are similar to those of symptomatic VIN. As invasion and growth progress, a distinct tumor is more likely to be recognized. The most common symptoms are a red, pink, or white bump or bumps with a wart-like or raw surface. An area of the vulva may appear white and feel rough.

About half of the women with vulvar cancer complain of persistent itching and a growth. Some also complain of pain, burning, painful urination, bleeding, and discharge not associated with the normal menstrual period. An ulcer that persists for more than a month is another sign.

Signs and Symptoms of other Types of Vulvar Cancers

Vulvar melanoma: The appearance of a darkly pigmented growth or a change in a mole that has been present for years may indicate melanoma. The ABCD rule can help tell a normal mole from one that could be melanoma.

• Asymmetry: One-half of the mole does not match the other.
• Border irregularity: the edges of the mole are ragged or notched.
• Color: The color over the mole is not the same. There may be differing shades of tan, brown, or black and sometimes patches of red, blue, or white.
• Diameter: The mole is wider than 6 mm (about 1/4 inch).

The most important sign of melanoma is a change in size, shape, or color of a mole. Some melanomas, however, do not fit the ABCD rule.

Bartholin gland cancer: A distinct mass on either side of the opening to the vagina may indicate a Bartholin gland carcinoma. However, similar symptoms may be due to a Bartholin gland cyst, which is much more common.

Paget disease: Soreness and a red, scaly area are symptoms of Paget disease of the vulva.

Verrucous carcinoma: This is one subtype of invasive squamous cell vulvar cancer with a particularly good prognosis. Verrucous carcinoma appears as cauliflower-like growths similar to genital warts.

Knowing what to look for can sometimes help with early detection, but it is even better not to wait until you notice symptoms. Have a regular Pap test and pelvic examination.